AZT (Azidothymidine) – What You Need to Know

AZT is one of the first drugs approved to treat HIV. It’s a pill that blocks the virus from copying itself, helping the immune system stay stronger. If you or someone you care about has been prescribed AZT, you probably have a lot of questions about how it works, how to take it, and what to expect.

How AZT Works

AZT belongs to a class called nucleoside reverse‑transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The virus uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to turn its RNA into DNA and hide inside your cells. AZT mimics a natural building block of DNA, so when the virus tries to use it, the process stalls and the virus can’t finish making new copies. This slows down the spread of HIV and gives your immune system a chance to recover.

Common Side Effects & Safety Tips

Most people feel fine, but AZT can cause nausea, headache, or fatigue, especially when you first start. Some folks notice mild anemia or a drop in white‑blood‑cell counts. If you get a fever, persistent sore throat, or notice unusual bruising, call your doctor right away. Staying hydrated, eating small meals, and taking the pill with food can lessen stomach upset.

AZT interacts with a few other drugs, like certain antibiotics and anti‑seizure meds. Always give your healthcare provider a full list of everything you’re taking, including over‑the‑counter supplements. Your doctor may check blood work every few months to make sure the medication isn’t affecting your blood counts.

Typical adult dosing for AZT is 300 mg taken twice a day, but the exact amount can differ based on weight, other meds, and how well your kidneys work. Never change the dose on your own—if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for the next one. In that case, skip the missed one and keep your regular schedule.

Pregnant women can use AZT safely; it’s actually recommended to reduce the chance of passing HIV to the baby. Still, discuss any concerns with your obstetrician and HIV specialist to make sure the plan fits your situation.

What helps most is staying consistent. Set a daily reminder, keep the pills in a visible spot, and pair taking the medication with a routine activity like brushing your teeth. If you travel, pack extra doses and keep them in a temperature‑stable container.

Remember, AZT is just one piece of HIV treatment. Most guidelines suggest combining it with other antiretrovirals to form a strong, lifelong regimen. Talk with your provider about the best combination for your health goals.

Feeling unsure about any symptom? Reach out to your clinic, a pharmacist, or an HIV support line. Getting answers quickly keeps you in control and helps you stick with treatment.