Naltrexone: What It Is and How It Works

If you’re looking for a pill that can curb cravings for alcohol or opioids, naltrexone might be the answer. It’s an oral tablet (or sometimes a monthly injection) that blocks the brain’s response to these substances. When the receptors are blocked, drinking or using opioids feels less rewarding, making it easier to stay sober.

Doctors usually prescribe naltrexone after you’ve already stopped drinking or using opioids for a short period. The medication won’t erase withdrawal symptoms, but it does help keep the urge from pulling you back.

When to Take Naltrexone

Before you start, your doctor will run a quick check to make sure you’re not using opioids right now – even a small amount can cause a painful reaction. Once cleared, the usual starting dose for the pill is 25 mg once a day for the first three days. After that, most people move up to 50 mg daily. If you’re on the extended‑release injection, you’ll get a 380 mg shot once a month.

Take the tablet with food or a full glass of water; that helps avoid stomach upset. If you miss a dose, just take it as soon as you remember—unless it’s almost time for your next dose, then skip the missed one and keep your regular schedule.

Managing Side Effects

Most people feel fine, but a few notice mild side effects. The most common are nausea, headache, dizziness, or a feeling of fatigue. These usually get better after a few days as your body adjusts. If nausea is a problem, try taking the pill with a larger meal or split the dose into two smaller ones (talk to your doctor first).

Rarely, naltrexone can cause liver issues. Your doctor may order a liver‑function test before you start and then periodically while you’re on the medication. If you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or unusual tiredness, call your doctor right away.

Another thing to watch for is mood changes. Some people feel more anxious or depressed when they stop drinking. If you notice a shift in mood that worries you, let your healthcare provider know – they might adjust the dose or add counseling.

Because naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, it can interfere with pain meds that contain opioids. If you ever need strong pain relief (for surgery, injury, etc.), tell the medical team you’re on naltrexone. They’ll plan an alternative pain strategy.

Overall, naltrexone works best when you combine it with counseling, support groups, or a structured recovery program. The medication helps dampen cravings, but building new habits and a solid support network keeps you on track.

Got more questions? Common FAQs include:

• Can I drink alcohol while on naltrexone? The drug reduces the pleasure you get from alcohol, so you might find drinking less appealing. However, the goal is usually total abstinence, so most clinicians recommend staying dry.
• Is it safe for pregnant women? Naltrexone isn’t typically prescribed during pregnancy unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
• How long do I stay on it? Treatment length varies. Some stay for three months, others for a year or more, depending on progress and doctor advice.

Remember, naltrexone is a tool, not a magic cure. Use it as part of a broader plan that includes therapy, lifestyle changes, and support from friends or groups. If you follow the dosing schedule, watch for side effects, and stay connected with your healthcare team, you give yourself a solid chance at lasting recovery.